Improving the Robustness of Deep-Learning Models in Predicting Hematoma Expansion from Admission Head CT.

Background And Purpose: Robustness against input data perturbations is essential for deploying deep-learning models in clinical practice. Adversarial attacks involve subtle, voxel-level manipulations of scans to increase deep-learning models' prediction errors. Testing deep-learning model performance on examples of adversarial images provides a measure of robustness, and including adversarial images in the training set can improve the model's robustness.

An Elusive Diagnosis of Castleman Disease.

We present the case of a 41-year-old man with an anterior mediastinal mass and constellation of clinical symptoms, including dyspnea, pleural effusions, pericardial effusions, renal insufficiency, and pancytopenia. After inconclusive results on several laboratory tests and a nondiagnostic surgical biopsy specimen, a specimen from a second surgical biopsy identified the patient's condition as Castleman disease associated with TAFRO (thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fevers, reticulin myelofibrosis, organomegaly) syndrome. This case highlights the importance of obtaining large tissue biopsy samples, interval follow-up, and acknowledging cognitive biases.

Machine Learning Models for 3-Month Outcome Prediction Using Radiomics of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Perihematomal Edema from Admission Head Computed Tomography (CT).

: Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) and perihematomal edema (PHE) are respective imaging markers of primary and secondary brain injury in hemorrhagic stroke. In this study, we explored the potential added value of PHE radiomic features for prognostication in ICH patients. : Using a multicentric trial cohort of acute supratentorial ICH ( = 852) patients, we extracted radiomic features from ICH and PHE lesions on admission non-contrast head CTs.

Review of current methods of preparation and distribution of DMEK graft at the eye banks.

The scope of eye banking activities has been expanding with the advances and techniques of keratoplasty. With the popularity of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the recent decade, there is a need to adopt the preparation of DMEK tissues in the eye banks. This necessitated surgical training of the eye bank technicians, development of infrastructure in the eye bank, innovative methods of graft preparation, and delivery for the surgery at distant surgery centers.

Ischemic Stroke Prevention in Patients Atrial Fibrillation and a Recent Ischemic Stroke, TIA, or Intracranial Hemorrhage; a World Stroke Organisation (WSO) Scientific Statement.

Background: Secondary stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the fastest growing areas in the field of cerebrovascular diseases. This Scientific statement from the World Stroke Organization Brain & Heart Task Force provides a critical analysis of the strength of current evidence this topic, highlights areas of current controversy, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes priorities for future research.

Methods: We select topics with the highest clinical relevance and perform a systematic search to answer specific practical questions.