Lyme disease: report of two cases.

Lyme disease is a tick-borne multisystem disease. It was first described in Lyme, Connecticut, USA in 1975. Cases have been reported in Canada, Switzerland, Austria, Australia and Great Britain.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients at an urban district hospital in Kenya.

Background: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has generally been regarded to be an uncommon opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. The reason for this has not been clear but postulates included a lack of suitable pathogenic types in the African environment, diagnostic difficulties and the more commonly held belief that African HIV infected individuals were dying early from common non-opportunistic pathogens before severe degrees of immunosuppression occured. Recently a trend has emerged at the Mbagathi district hospital whereby an increasing number of HIV infected patients are empirically treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) based on clinical and radiological features.

Pharmacokinetics of antimycobacterial drugs in patients with tuberculosis, AIDS, and diarrhea.

To test the hypothesis that antituberculous drug disposition is altered in patients with AIDS, we studied the steady-state pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (300 mg/d), rifampin (600 mg/d), and pyrazinamide (1,500 mg/d) in 29 adults (14 patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and 15 non-HIV-infected patients) with tuberculosis in Nairobi, Kenya. Intestinal integrity was assessed with xylose. Neither HIV infection nor diarrhea accounted for the interpatient variability in the area-under-the-plasma concentration vs.

No increased prevalence of adrenocortical insufficiency in human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis.

Setting: Acute medical wards, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of adrenocortical insufficiency in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infected and non-infected patients with tuberculosis.

Design: One hundred and seventy-four patients with proven tuberculosis (90 HIV-1 positive and 84 HIV-1 negative) were assessed for adrenocortical insufficiency with a 30 min synacthen stimulation test.

Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection: its impact on the diagnostic yields in exudative pleural effusions at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, among consecutively admitted adult patients with exudative pleural effusions over a one year period. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in these patients and to compare the diagnostic yields from the pleural fluid and pleural biopsy between the HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative patients. Sixty six patients were studied, with a mean age of 33.