Real-Time Pharmacovigilance: Transforming Population-Based Monitoring of Post-Approval Vaccine Safety Through Rapid Cycle Analysis (RCA)-A Review of the Published Literature.

: Rapid cycle analysis (RCA) is an established and efficient methodology that has been traditionally utilized by United States health authorities to monitor post-approval vaccine safety. Initially developed in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) in early 2000s, RCA has evolved into a valuable approach for timely post-approval signal detection. Due to the availability of additional near real-time data sources and enhanced analytic approaches, the use of RCA has expanded.

Risk Factors for Treatment Toxicity and High Side Effect Burden Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Background/objectives: This study describes the sequelae, side effects, and toxicities experienced by Canadian breast cancer survivors at a breast cancer survivorship clinic at a tertiary academic cancer centre and identifies potential risk factors which may be associated with increased side effect burden.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of adult patients treated at the Sunnybrook Breast Cancer Survivorship Clinic from 6 July 2022, to 30 September 2023 ( = 435).

Results: Most patients (72.

Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs that enhance viral fitness and immune evasion.

Coronaviruses express their structural and accessory genes via a set of subgenomic RNAs, whose synthesis is directed by transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) in the 5' genomic leader and upstream of each body open reading frame. In SARS-CoV-2, the TRS has the consensus AAACGAAC; upon searching for emergence of this motif in the global SARS-CoV-2 sequences, we find that it evolves frequently, especially in the 3' end of the genome. We show well-supported examples upstream of the Spike gene-within the nsp16 coding region of ORF1b-which is expressed during human infection, and upstream of the canonical Envelope gene TRS, both of which have evolved convergently in multiple lineages.

Chemically reduced graphene oxide based assembly of Aptasensor for sensitive and probe-free detection of penicillin-G.

The widespread use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry leads to antibiotic residues in food, posing public health risks. To ensure food safety, monitoring antibiotic levels in dairy and poultry is essential, especially for Penicillin-G (Pen-G), a frequently used β-lactam antibiotic. This study presents an electrochemical aptasensor for detecting Pen-G in food samples, using chemically reduced graphene oxide (crGO) conjugated with Pen-G-specific aptamer on electrode.