Iowa Brain-Behavior Modeling Toolkit: An Open-Source MATLAB Tool for Inferential and Predictive Modeling of Imaging-Behavior and Lesion-Deficit Relationships.

The traditional analytical framework taken by neuroimaging studies in general, and lesion-behavior studies in particular, has been inferential in nature and has focused on identifying and interpreting statistically significant effects within the sample under study. While this framework is well-suited for hypothesis testing approaches, achieving the modern goal of precision medicine requires a different framework that is predictive in nature and that focuses on maximizing the predictive power of models and evaluating their ability to generalize beyond the data that were used to train them. However, few tools exist to support the development and evaluation of predictive models in the context of neuroimaging or lesion-behavior research, creating an obstacle to the widespread adoption of predictive modeling approaches in the field.

Neighborhood Disadvantage and Injury Mechanism, Severity, and Outcomes in Pediatric Trauma.

Background: Traumatic injuries remain the leading cause of death in children aged 1-14. Previous research demonstrates a link between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and higher pediatric injury morbidity and mortality. There is scant research exploring the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and pediatric trauma.

Modeling functional connectivity changes during an auditory language task using line graph neural networks.

Functional connectivity (FC) refers to the activation correlation between different brain regions. FC networks as typically represented as graphs with brain regions of interest (ROIs) as nodes and functional correlation as edges. Graph neural networks (GNNs) are machine learning architectures used to analyze FC graphs.

A multi-regional human brain atlas of chromatin accessibility and gene expression facilitates promoter-isoform resolution genetic fine-mapping.

Brain region- and cell-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic features are associated with heritability for neuropsychiatric traits, but a systematic view, considering cortical and subcortical regions, is lacking. Here, we provide an atlas of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles in neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei across 25 distinct human cortical and subcortical brain regions from 6 neurotypical controls. We identified extensive gene expression and chromatin accessibility differences across brain regions, including variation in alternative promoter-isoform usage and enhancer-promoter interactions.

Unexpected Malrotation in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Gastrostomy Tube Placement: Is Routine Preoperative Upper Gastrointestinal Series Imaging Necessary?

Our aim is to determine the rate of unexpected malrotation identified on routine preoperative upper gastrointestinal (UGI) contrast study in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) prior to gastrostomy tube (GT) placement and quantify any associated delay in care. We performed a retrospective review of infants with CHD who underwent GT placement following initial cardiac surgery at a single center between 2016 and 2021. Patients were identified in the electronic medical record.