A Rare Case of Spinal Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis That Caused Tetraplegia After Myelography.

Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare inflammatory disease that causes the thickening of the dura mater. Its etiology is mainly classified as idiopathic or secondary, and autoimmune disease is one of the main causes of secondary HP. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis and IgG4-related disease are common among autoimmune diseases.

Adult visual deprivation engages associative, presynaptic plasticity of thalamic input to cortex.

Associative plasticity at thalamocortical synapses is thought to be constrained by age in the mammalian cortex. However, here we show for the first time that prolonged visual deprivation induces robust and reversible plasticity at synapses between first order visual thalamus and cortical layer 4 pyramidal neurons. The plasticity is associative and expressed by changes in presynaptic function, thereby amplifying and relaying the change in efferent drive to the visual cortex.

Impact of perioperative cerebral blood flow evaluation using arterial spin labeling in a patient undergoing carotid artery stenting.

Background: Hyperperfusion syndrome (HPS) is one of the most serious complications after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive method for assessing cerebral perfusion. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of ASL compared to that of SPECT in evaluating changes in intracranial blood flow during the perioperative period of CAS.

Two new Neanurid Collembola, Paranura and Yuukianura (Neanuridae: Neanurinae) from Japan, with a checklist of species and key to the Japanese genera of Neanurinae.

We describe and illustrate two new species of Neanurinae, Paranura ezoensis sp. nov. and Yuukianura kikaiensis sp.

Turn-Over Technique for Inserting and Stabilizing Guiding Sheath without Straightening It during Carotid Artery Stenting via Trans-Brachial Approach in Cases with Severe Vascular Access Conditions.

Objective: In cases of severe atherosclerosis or tortuous arteries, inserting the guiding sheath into the target vessel is challenging. Here, we present the turn-over technique for inserting and stabilizing the guiding sheath without straightening it during carotid artery stenting (CAS).

Case Presentation: Two patients with severe left internal carotid artery stenosis underwent CAS via the trans-brachial approach.