Measuring implementation outcomes in the context of scaling up possible serious bacterial infection guidelines: Implications for measurement and programs.

Background: Reducing the burden of neonatal sepsis requires timely identification and initiation of suitable antibiotic treatment in primary health care (PHC) settings. Countries are encouraged to adopt simplified antibiotic regimens at the PHC level for treating sick young infants (SYI) with signs of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI). As countries implement PSBI guidelines, more lessons on effective implementation strategies and outcome measurements are needed.

Institutionalizing the Management of Sick Young Infants: Kenya's Experience in Revising National Guidelines on Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illnesses.

Introduction: In 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed guidelines for the management of sick young infants (SYIs) with possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) where referral is not feasible. The Ponya Mtoto project was designed as an implementation research project to demonstrate how to adopt the WHO PSBI guidelines in the Kenyan context.

Ponya Mtoto Project Description: Between October 2017 and June 2021, Ponya Mtoto was implemented in 4 Kenyan counties with higher infant and newborn mortality rates than the national mean.

Edge effect reduction of high-resolution PET detectors using LYSO and GAGG phoswich crystals.

. Small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful preclinical imaging tool in animal model studies. The spatial resolution and sensitivity of current PET scanners developed for small-animal imaging need to be improved to increase the quantitative accuracy of preclinical animal studies.

Performance Evaluation of Lateral Flow Assays for Coronavirus Disease-19 Serology.

The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has undoubtedly resulted in significant morbidities, mortalities, and economic disruptions across the globe. Affordable and scalable tools to monitor the transmission dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the longevity of induced antibodies will be paramount to monitor and control the pandemic as multiple waves continue to rage in many countries. Serologic assays detect humoral responses to the virus, to determine seroprevalence in target populations, or induction of antibodies at the individual level following either natural infection or vaccination.