Modern Plasma Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery: A Brief History and Outlook.

Modern plasma medicine is a field of medical research combining plasma physics, life sciences, and clinical medicine. It aims to achieve direct application of physical plasma on or in the human body for therapeutic purposes. In medical contexts, the term plasma denotes the liquid component of blood, while in the physical sciences, it refers to ionized gas-also known as the fourth state of matter alongside solid, liquid, and gas.

Phylogenetic analysis, molecular characterization and virulence profiling based on toxoflavin gene of an Indian BG1 strain of causing panicle blight of rice.

Unlabelled: Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) caused by (BG) has become significantly more prevalent in the rice-growing regions of North India. Based on virulence screening and in vitro quantification of toxoflavin, the BG strains were classified as hyper- (BG1 and BG3), moderate- (BG2, BG4, BG6, BG8, and BG9), and hypo- (BG5, BG7, and BG10) virulent. Plant inoculation assays with cell-free culture filtrate revealed strains with higher toxoflavin-producing ability had higher virulence.

Liquid Biopsy Landscape in Patients with Primary Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Urothelial carcinomas (UCs) are a broad and heterogeneous group of malignancies, with the prevalence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) being rare, accounting for only 5-10% of total malignancies. There is a need for additional toolsets to assist the current clinical paradigm of care for patients with UTUC. As a non-invasive tool for the discovery of cancer-related biomarkers, the liquid biopsy has the potential to represent the complex process of tumorigenesis and metastasis.

Rice transcriptome upon infection with pv. relative to its avirulent T3SS-defective strain exposed modulation of many stress responsive genes.

Unlabelled: pv. (Xoo) is a destructive pathogen that causes bacterial blight disease of rice worldwide. Xoo uses T3SS (type III secretion system) effectors to subvert rice innate immunity.

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae depends on multiple non-TAL (Xop) T3SS effectors for its coveted growth inside the pomegranate plant through repressing the immune responses during bacterial blight development.

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (Xap), the bacterial blight pathogen of pomegranate, incurs substantial loss to yield and reduces export quality of this economically important fruit crop. During infection, the bacterium secretes six non-TAL (Xop) effectors into the pomegranate cells through a specialized type three secretion system (T3SS).