Lamivudine and indinavir/ritonavir maintenance therapy in highly pretreated HIV-infected patients (Vista ANRS 109).

Objective: In patients with extensive HIV resistance, one option is to delay salvage therapy until new drugs become available. We hypothesized that this delay period could be based on a simplified treatment, which would reduce drug toxicity, stabilize resistance, and prevent resurgence of wild-type virus.

Methods: A prospective 24-week treatment simplification study in HIV-1-infected patients having failed several lines of antiretroviral therapy, with CD4+ T-cell counts > or = 100 cells/ml, plasma HIV RNA (viral load [VL]) > or = 4 log10 copies/ml and a resistance genotype predicting less than two active drugs.

French national sentinel survey of antiretroviral drug resistance in patients with HIV-1 primary infection and in antiretroviral-naive chronically infected patients in 2001-2002.

Objective: To survey the frequency of genotypic antiretroviral resistance and the spread of non-B subtypes in patients with primary HIV-1 infection (2001-2002) and in treatment-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients (2001).

Methods: Plasma samples from 303 patients with acute HIV-1 infection (Primo study) and 363 treatment-naive patients with chronic HIV-1 infection (Odyssee study) were tested for genotypic resistance. Resistance mutations were identified from the International AIDS Society Resistance Testing-USA panel and resistant viruses were defined according to the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS) resistance algorithm.

Cytochrome P-450 3A4 and 2C8 are involved in zopiclone metabolism.

Zopiclone is a widely prescribed, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that is extensively metabolized by the liver in humans. The aim of the present study was to identify the human cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoforms involved in zopiclone metabolism in vitro. Zopiclone metabolism was studied with different human liver microsomes and a panel of heterologously expressed human CYPs (CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C18, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4).

Renal tolerance of digoxin-specific Fab fragments in the rat.

Renal markers were investigated over 96 h in male Sprague-Dawley rats after i.v. administration of 10.