Publications by authors named "S Morgello"
Objective: Identifying persons with HIV (PWH) at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is complicated because memory deficits are common in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and a defining feature of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI; a precursor to AD). Recognition memory deficits may be useful in differentiating these etiologies. Therefore, neuroimaging correlates of different memory deficits (i.
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- HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) affects a significant percentage of people with HIV, even those receiving effective antiretroviral therapy, indicating that the condition remains a serious concern.
- The study identified that the movement of specific immune cells (CD14+CD16+ monocytes) across the blood-brain barrier contributes to cognitive issues by damaging neurons and activating harmful responses in the brain.
- It was found that people with HIV-NCI have increased transmigration of these monocytes compared to those with normal cognition, and factors like hypertension and diabetes may influence this relationship, highlighting the need for targeted treatments.
Article Synopsis
- - Substance use disorders (SUD) and drug addiction significantly impact public health, particularly among individuals and their communities, with a notable overlap between SUD and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.
- - The connection between SUD and HIV is complex, as HIV can increase the risk of SUD through chronic pain treatment, while those with SUD are more likely to contract HIV, highlighting the need for integrated research.
- - The SCORCH consortium aims to utilize single-cell genomics to examine the interactions between SUD and HIV at a cellular level, leveraging human brain tissue collections and animal models for in-depth study.
Interindividual variation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA setpoint in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and its determinants are poorly understood, but relevant for HIV neuropathology, brain reservoirs, viral escape, and reseeding after antiretroviral interruptions. Longitudinal multicentric study on demographic, clinical, and laboratory correlates of CSF HIV RNA in 2000 follow-up visits from 597 people with HIV (PWH) off antiretroviral therapy (ART) and with plasma HIV RNA > the lower limit of quantification (LLQ). Factors associated with CSF control (CSFC; CSF HIV RNA < LLQ while plasma HIV RNA > LLQ) and with CSF/plasma discordance (CSF > plasma HIV RNA > LLQ) were also assessed through mixed-effects models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathology-based brain arterial disease phenotypes and their radiographic correlates.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis
June 2024
Article Synopsis
- * It aims to summarize and standardize the terminology for various brain arterial disease phenotypes based on existing pathology studies and their relation to imaging techniques in healthcare.
- * The paper highlights distinctions among terms related to arterial conditions, such as atherosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis, and underscores the importance of advanced imaging methods to better identify underlying pathologies affecting small blood vessels in the brain.