Dihydroxyacetone production from glycerol using Gluconobacter oxydans: Study of medium composition and operational conditions in shaken flasks.

The production of dihydroxyacetone from glycerol employing aerobic cultures of Gluconobacter oxydans is studied. Dihydroxyacetone is one of the most important value-added products obtained from glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production. The effect of organic nitrogen source and initial substrate concentrations has been studied together with the possibility of product inhibition.

Approach to major depression in old people.

Background: The difficulty in identifying and distinguishing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in primary care is well known. The main objective of this study is to determine the frequency of MDD in persons aged 65 years and older using the Detection of Depression in the Elderly Scale (DDES). A second objective is to determine the convergent validity of the DDES with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).

[Esophageal and gastric involvement in diabetes mellitus].

The most recent literature concerning the involvement of the esophagus and stomach in diabetes mellitus is reviewed. This pathology has rarely been studied as a whole, may be due to an underestimation of its importance in medical treatment. The following conclusions are drawn: the extent of autonomic damage varies greatly in individual patients; there is a high frequency of neuropathy with simultaneous development at various levels, thus causing the nervous lesion to manifest itself in different ways.

[Diabetic enteropathy].

This review of the literature is designed to identify the state of our knowledge about the ileal, colonic and biliary damage arising in diabetes mellitus. The approach is primarily clinical with the emphasis on the major symptoms involved: diarrhea, constipation and anal sphincter incontinence. The most common symptom, found in 20% of diabetics with neurological disease, is constipation.