Eradication of bovine tuberculosis in Ireland: is it a case of now or never?

There has been a sharp disimprovement in the bovine tuberculosis (bTB) situation in Ireland in recent years. This commentary argues for critical programme change in three overarching themes relevant to the Irish bTB eradication programme, if eradication is to be successful: (1) Limiting infection in cattle. Residual (hidden) infection is an important constraint to eradication, due to the use of imperfect diagnostic tests.

Shaping the Future of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Therapy: Immune-Based Strategies and Targeted Innovations.

Numerous cutting-edge immunotherapy approaches have been developed for hematological malignancies, such as immune-checkpoint inhibitors for lymphomas, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell treatments for B-cell cancers, and monoclonal antibody therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, achieving similar breakthroughs in MPNs has proven challenging. The key obstacles include the absence of universally expressed and MPN-specific surface markers, significant cellular and molecular variability among both individual patients and across different MPN subtypes, and the failure of treatments to stimulate an anti-tumor immune response due to the immune system disruptions caused by the myeloid neoplasm.

Multi-Site Red-Edge Excitation Shift Reveals the Residue-Specific Solvation Dynamics during the Native to Amyloid-like Transition of an Amyloidogenic Protein.

Changes in water-protein interactions are crucial for proteins to achieve functional and nonfunctional conformations during structural transitions by modulating local stability. Amyloid-like protein aggregates in deteriorating neurons are hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders. These aggregates form through significant structural changes, transitioning from functional native conformations to supramolecular cross-β-sheet structures via misfolded and oligomeric intermediates in a multistep process.

Farm fragmentation in Ireland.

Farm fragmentation refers to spatial disaggregation of farms into smaller, often highly separated parcels of land. This can create a number of problems; administrative, economic, environmental and epidemiological. Ireland has a high proportion of fragmented farms, although this an issue not unique to Ireland.