Assessment of fit of item response theory models: A critical review of the status quo and some future directions.

This paper provides a literature review of assessment of fit of item response theory models. Various types of fit procedures for item response theory models are reviewed, with a focus on their advantages and disadvantages. Real data examples are used to demonstrate some of the fit procedures.

Promoting diversity in clinical trials: insights from planning the ALUMNI AD study in historically underrepresented US populations with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.

Unlabelled: Clinical trial participation across disease areas, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been biased towards White participants of European ancestry. To support clinical decision-making across diverse populations, we must recognize and address barriers to trial participation. To inform the design of ALUMNI AD, a trial focused on historically underrepresented AD populations, we held advice-seeking fora with key stakeholders to understand barriers and identify potential solutions to maximize trial participation of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in the US.

Therapy-induced APOBEC3A drives evolution of persistent cancer cells.

Acquired drug resistance to anticancer targeted therapies remains an unsolved clinical problem. Although many drivers of acquired drug resistance have been identified, the underlying molecular mechanisms shaping tumour evolution during treatment are incompletely understood. Genomic profiling of patient tumours has implicated apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) cytidine deaminases in tumour evolution; however, their role during therapy and the development of acquired drug resistance is undefined.

Opioid withdrawal: role in addiction and neural mechanisms.

Withdrawal from opioids involves a negative affective state that promotes maintenance of drug-seeking behavior and relapse. As such, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying withdrawal from opioid drugs is critical as scientists and clinicians seek to develop new treatments and therapies. In this review, we focus on the neural systems known to mediate the affective and somatic signs and symptoms of opioid withdrawal, including the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, basolateral amygdala, extended amygdala, and brain and hormonal stress systems.