Potential for the Bio-Detoxification of the Mycotoxins Enniatin B and Deoxynivalenol by Lactic Acid Bacteria and spp.

Mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by fungi, pose significant risks to food safety and human health. This study investigates the bio-detoxification potential of 238 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and spp., previously isolated from cereals (including mycotoxin-contaminated grains), against the emerging mycotoxin, enniatin B (ENB), and the prevalent mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON).

A new physical and biological strategy to reduce the content of zearalenone in infected wheat kernels: the effect of cold needle perforation, microorganisms, and purified enzyme.

With the aim of reintroducing wheat grains naturally contaminated with mycotoxins into the food value chain, a decontamination strategy was developed in this study. For this purpose, in a first step, the whole wheat kernels were pre-treated using cold needle perforation. The pore size was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and the accessibility of enzymes and microorganisms determined using fluorescent markers in the size range of enzymes (5 nm) and microorganisms (10 μm), and fluorescent microscopy.

Classification of asbestos and their nonasbestiform analogues using FTIR and multivariate data analysis.

This study presents a possible application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and multivariate data analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classifying asbestos and their nonasbestiform analogues. The objectives of the study are: 1) to classify six regulated asbestos types and 2) to classify between asbestos types and their nonasbestiform analogues. The respirable fraction of six regulated asbestos types and their nonasbestiform analogues were prepared in potassium bromide pellets and collected on polyvinyl chloride membrane filters for FTIR measurement.

Influence of Different Sterilization Methods on the Surface Chemistry and Electrochemical Behavior of Biomedical Alloys.

Sterilization is a prerequisite for biomedical devices before contacting the human body. It guarantees the lack of infection by eliminating microorganisms (i.e.

Black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) discriminate between naturally-ordered and scramble-ordered chick-a-dee calls and individual preference is related to rate of learning.

Though many forms of animal communication are not reliant on the order in which components of signals are combined to be effective, there is evidence that order does matter for some communication systems. In the light of differential responding to calls of varying note-order observed in black-capped chickadees in the field, we set out to determine whether chickadees recognize syntactically-ordered and incorrectly-ordered chick-a-dee calls as separate and distinct conceptual categories using both an auditory preference task and go/no-go operant conditioning paradigm. Results show that chickadees spent more time on the perch that did not produce sound (i.