Efficacy of ketamine in the treatment of migraines and other unspecified primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other interventions: a systematic review.

Background: Migraine headaches are the second leading cause of disability worldwide and are responsible for significant morbidity, reduction in the quality of life, and loss of productivity on a global scale. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine on migraines and other primary headache disorders compared to placebo and other active interventions, such as midazolam, metoclopramide/diphenhydramine, and prochlorperazine/diphenhydramine.

Methods: An electronic search of databases published up to February 2021, including Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, a hand search of the bibliographies of the included studies, as well as literature and systematic reviews found through the search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating ketamine in the treatment of migraine/headache disorders compared to the placebo.

Design and Implementation of an 11mm Improvised Laparoscopic System for Performing a Single-Port Laparoscopic Hysterectomy through the Smallest Incision Ever Reported.

As a major institute in the field of minimally invasive gynecologic surgery, we constantly endeavor to develop and perform the least-invasive surgeries possible. In laparoscopy and robot-assisted laparoscopy, we should expect that complex surgeries that are currently undertaken with the use of many ports of a given diameter will eventually be accomplished with smaller incisions and fewer ports. There will always be clinical scenarios that require a more invasive approach, either because of adhesive tissues or a complex pathology.

The PKCθ pathway participates in the aberrant accumulation of Fra-1 protein in invasive ER-negative breast cancer cells.

Fra-1 is aberrantly expressed in a large number of cancer cells and tissues, and emerging evidence suggests an important role for this Fos family protein in both oncogenesis and the progression or maintenance of many tumour types. Here, we show that the concentration of Fra-1 is high in invasive oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative (ER-) breast cancer cell lines, regardless of their Ras pathway status. All of the ER- cells express high levels of activated PKCθ, and the inhibition of PKCθ activity using RNA interference or the expression of a dominant-negative mutant results in a dramatic reduction in Fra-1 abundance.