Sulfobetaine ionic liquid crystals based on strong acids: phase behavior and electrochemistry.

A group of new zwitterion based ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) have been synthesized. Depending on the counter anion (mesylate or hydrogen sulfate) the phase behavior of the resulting ILCs is quite different. Mesylate based ILCs show complex phase behavior with multiple phases depending on the alkyl chain length.

Tetrahalidometallate(II) Ionic Liquids with More than One Metal: The Effect of Bromide versus Chloride.

Fifteen N-butylpyridinium salts - five monometallic [C Py] [MBr ] and ten bimetallic [C Py] [M M Br ] (M=Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) - were synthesized, and their structures and thermal and electrochemical properties were studied. All the compounds are ionic liquids (ILs) with melting points between 64 and 101 °C. Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that all ILs are isostructural.

Ionic Liquids with More than One Metal: Optical and Electrochemical Properties versus d-Block Metal Combinations.

Thirteen N-butylpyridinium salts, including three monometallic [C Py] [MCl ], nine bimetallic [C Py] [M M Cl ] and one trimetallic compound [C Py] [M M M Cl ] (M=Co, Cu, Mn; x=0.25, 0.50 or 0.

Long-term Outcome of a Modified Piggyback Liver Transplantation Technique Using the Recipient's Right and Middle Hepatic Veins.

Unlabelled: In early piggyback liver transplantation (LT) descriptions, the common stump of the middle and left hepatic veins (ML) was used for upper caval anastomosis. In this variant, stenosis or kinking of graft venous outflow path was frequent. Over time, most authors adopted the use of the recipient's right, middle, and left hepatic veins (RML) or a side-to-side anastomosis (SS) between the graft's and recipient's inferior vena cava (IVC).

Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Hepatic Venous Outflow and Renal Function after Conventional versus Piggyback Liver Transplantation.

Background: This randomized prospective clinical trial compared the hepatic venous outflow drainage and renal function after conventional with venovenous bypass (n = 15) or piggyback (n = 17) liver transplantation.

Methods: Free hepatic vein pressure (FHVP) and central venous pressure (CVP) measurements were performed after graft reperfusion. Postoperative serum creatinine (Cr) was measured daily on the first week and on the 14th, 21st and 28th postoperative days (PO).