Diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/XDR assay for detection of Isoniazid and second-line antituberculosis drugs resistance at central TB reference laboratory in Tanzania.

Introduction: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and universal access to drug-susceptibility testing (DST) are critical elements of the WHO End TB Strategy. Current rapid tests (e.g.

The second national anti-tuberculosis drug resistance survey in Tanzania, 2017-2018.

Objective: To determine the levels and patterns of resistance to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs among new and previously treated sputum smear positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients.

Methods: We conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional facility-based survey in June 2017-July 2018 involving 45 clusters selected based on probability proportional to size. The survey aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-TB drug resistance and associated risk factors among smear positive PTB patients in Tanzania.

Phylogenetic lineages of tuberculosis isolates and their association with patient demographics in Tanzania.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis presents several lineages each with distinct characteristics of evolutionary status, transmissibility, drug resistance, host interaction, latency, and vaccine efficacy. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as a new diagnostic tool to reliably inform the occurrence of phylogenetic lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and examine their relationship with patient demographic characteristics and multidrug-resistance development.

Methods: 191 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates obtained from a 2017/2018 Tanzanian drug resistance survey were sequenced on the Illumina Miseq platform at Supranational Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory in Uganda.

A case study on building capacity to improve clinical mentoring and maternal child health in rural Tanzania: the path to implementation.

Background: Tanzania is a low income, East African country with a severe shortage of human resources for health or health workers. This shortage threatens any gains the country is making in improving maternal health outcomes. This paper describes a partnership between Touch Foundation and NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing - Global, aimed at improving clinical mentorship and capacity among nurses and midwives at two rural hospitals in the Tanzanian Lake Zone Region.

Active case finding for tuberculosis among people who inject drugs on methadone treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Setting: Active case finding is a World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed strategy for improving tuberculosis (TB) case detection. Despite WHO recommendations for active case finding among people who inject drugs (PWID), few studies have been published. The historical focus of case finding has been in populations that are human immunodeficiency virus-positive, incarcerated or at higher occupational risk.