Predicting sinonasal inverted papilloma attachment using machine learning: Current lessons and future directions.

Background: Hyperostosis is a common radiographic feature of inverted papilloma (IP) tumor origin on computed tomography (CT). Herein, we developed a machine learning (ML) model capable of analyzing CT images and identifying IP attachment sites.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients treated for IP at our institution was performed.

US mortality trends from alcohol-associated hepatitis by sex, age, race, and ethnicity, 1999-2020.

Background: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a subtype of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) resulting in severe acute liver inflammation. This study aims to examine longitudinal trends in mortality from AH in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2020, stratifying the data by sex, age, and racial/ethnic groups.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) to determine annual AH-related mortality rates (MR) in adults ≥21 years between 1999 and 2020.

Further delineation of the SCAF4-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

While mostly de novo truncating variants in SCAF4 were recently identified in 18 individuals with variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes, knowledge on the molecular and clinical spectrum is still limited. We assembled data on 50 novel individuals with SCAF4 variants ascertained via GeneMatcher and personal communication. With detailed evaluation of clinical data, in silico predictions and structural modeling, we further characterized the molecular and clinical spectrum of the autosomal dominant SCAF4-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

Type I IFN-mediated NET release promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication and is associated with granuloma caseation.

Neutrophils are the most abundant cell type in the airways of tuberculosis patients. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection induces the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); however, the molecular regulation and impact of NET release on Mtb pathogenesis are unknown. We find that during Mtb infection in neutrophils, PAD4 citrullinates histones to decondense chromatin that gets released as NETs in a manner that can maintain neutrophil viability and promote Mtb replication.