In silico prediction of e-cigarette aerosol particle transport and deposition within the airways.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) generate aerosols by heating up a liquid ('e-liquid') that typically consists of propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerol (VG), nicotine and flavouring agents. These aerosols transport through the airway tree, and lung and deposit non-uniformly in the bronchi and alveoli. Studying the transport of aerosols through lung airways is necessary because it provides information about the concentration and deposition of particles in the upper and lower airways.

Better post-operative outcomes at 1-year follow-up are associated with lower levels of pre-operative synovitis and higher levels of IL-6 and VEGFA in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty patients.

Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with inflammation, and residual inflammation may influence outcomes following knee arthroplasty. This may be more relevant for patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) due to larger remaining areas of native tissue. This study aimed to: (1) characterise inflammatory profiles for medial UKA patients and (2) investigate whether inflammation markers are associated with post-operative outcomes.

Voluntary physical activity in early life attenuates markers of fatty liver disease in adult male rats fed a high-fat diet.

Paediatric fatty liver disease (FLD) can develop into steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in adulthood. We assessed if early life physical exercise reduced the effects of high-fat (HF) diet-induced steatosis. Male HF-fed rats with access to a running wheel from weaning until day (D)60 (early exercise) or from D67 to D120 (late exercise) were compared with control HF- or chow-fed groups with no wheel.

Chondrocyte-specific response to stiffness-mediated primary cilia formation and centriole positioning.

Mechanical stress and the stiffness of the extracellular matrix are key drivers of tissue development and homeostasis. Aberrant mechanosensation is associated with a wide range of pathologies, including osteoarthritis. Matrix (or substrate) stiffness plays a major role in cell spreading, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.

In situ gelling system for sustained intraarticular delivery of bupivacaine and ketorolac in sheep.

Suboptimal control of postoperative pain following knee arthroplasty can slow recovery and reduce patient satisfaction. Intraarticular (IA) administration of bupivacaine and ketorolac offers efficient pain control and minimizes opioid consumption. However, the clinical benefits of this approach are short lived due to rapid clearance of drugs from the joint cavity.