Appropriateness of using numeric rating scales to assess risk perceptions for individuals with limited health numeracy.

Objective: Numeric rating scales (NRSs) could be inappropriate for assessing constructs such as risk perception if individuals with limited health numeracy (LHN) have difficulty expressing their perceptions on such scales. This paper compares the psychometric functioning of numerical risk perception ratings for an e-cigarette obtained from LHN individuals, comparing them to those from individuals with adequate health numeracy (AHN).

Methods: In a randomized trial of a risk-related message (not evaluated here), participants (N = 12,557) used NRSs to rate their perception of (1) overall risk of harm (from 0 %-100 % harmful to health), and (2) likelihood (0-100 %) of suffering four tobacco-related diseases from using e-cigarettes; and used a 4-point adjectival scale ('not at all harmful' to 'very harmful') to rate the harm of using e-cigarettes.

Person-centered abortion care in public health facilities across four regions of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional quantitative study of client experiences.

Introduction: Ethiopia has made remarkable progress in expanding access to and provision of comprehensive abortion care. However, complications due to unsafe abortion persist. As efforts to increase quality of comprehensive abortion care continue, evaluating service quality is critical.

Characterization of Use Behavior of Nicotine Pouches.

Actual use of nicotine pouch products is not well studied. The objectives of this study were to characterize ® nicotine pouch (Test Products (TP)) use behavior, including association with cigarette and smokeless tobacco (ST) product use. Adults who smoke cigarettes (AS) and/or adults who use ST (ASTU) (N=1147) that were not planning to quit and had expressed interest in trying and using TP after a 5-day trial were offered use of TPs (7 flavors at 5 nicotine levels) for 6 weeks.

A New Questionnaire to Assess Respiratory Symptoms (The Respiratory Symptom Experience Scale): Quantitative Psychometric Assessment and Validation Study.

Background: Smokers often experience respiratory symptoms (eg, morning cough), and those who stop smoking, including those who do so by switching completely to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), may experience reductions in symptoms. Existing respiratory symptom questionnaires may not be suitable for studying these changes, as they are intended for patient populations, such as those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective: This study aimed to develop a respiratory symptom questionnaire appropriate for current smokers and for assessing changes when smokers stop smoking.

Replacement of Lost Substance P Reduces Fibrosis in the Diabetic Heart by Preventing Adverse Fibroblast and Macrophage Phenotype Changes.

Reduced levels of the sensory nerve neuropeptide substance P (SP) have been reported in the diabetic rat heart, the consequence being a loss of cardioprotection in response to ischemic post-conditioning. We considered whether this loss of SP also predisposes the heart to non-ischemic diabetic cardiomyopathy in the form of fibrosis and hypertrophy. We report that diabetic Lepr mice have reduced serum SP and that administration of exogenous replacement SP ameliorated cardiac fibrosis.