Spontaneous Gallbladder Perforation: A Case Report.

Emphysematous cholecystitis (EC) is an acute infection caused by gas-forming organisms and is considered a surgical emergency. The presenting symptoms of EC are often difficult to distinguish from those of uncomplicated acute cholecystitis, necessitating the use of CT for diagnosis. EC is associated with higher rates of gangrene and perforation of the gallbladder compared to typical acute cholecystitis.

Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality among Patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019 in Pakistan.

The kidney is the most vulnerable organ in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients besides the lungs, with evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). We aimed to find the prevalence of AKI among COVID-19 patients and further evaluate the association of between COVID-19 and AKI along with an understanding of mortality. A prospective observational study was conducted among COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, Hayatabad Medical Complex, between March 2020 and June 2020.

Significance of site-specific prognosis of cancer stem cell marker CD44 in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma.

In several recent studies, CD44 expression has been associated with aggressive behavior in cancers of different types. CD44 expression is also linked to cancer stem cells, which have been shown to play a significant role in tumor progression and poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), as well as in other cancers. Although CD44 is a potential prognostic marker, it has not been adopted to wider clinical use as a part of treatment planning in HNSCC patients.

Pim-1 kinase expression predicts radiation response in squamocellular carcinoma of head and neck and is under the control of epidermal growth factor receptor.

Pim-1 is an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase with poorly defined function in epithelial cancers. In this study, we determined 1) associations of Pim-1 expression with clinicopathological parameters including responsiveness to irradiation in squamocellular cancers of head and neck and 2) how Pim-1 expression is controlled subsequent to irradiation. Moderate to high expression of Pim-1 correlated to poor response to radiation therapy (P = .

Carbohydrates located on the top of the "cap" contribute to the adhesive and enzymatic functions of vascular adhesion protein-1.

Vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial adhesion molecule with an enzymatic activity. It deaminates biogenic amines, resulting in the formation of aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide. During the enzymatic reaction a transient Schiff base is formed between endothelial VAP-1 and its leukocytic ligand, and this interaction is important for lymphocyte adhesion.