Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin glargine given in the evening as compared with in the morning in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To compare pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after evening versus morning administration.

Research Design And Methods: Ten T2DM insulin-treated persons were studied during 24-h euglycemic glucose clamp, after glargine injection (0.4 units/kg s.

Glargine metabolism over 24 h following its subcutaneous injection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a dose-response study.

Background And Aims: After subcutaneous injection insulin glargine is rapidly metabolized to M1 and M2. In vitro, both M1 and M2 have metabolic effects and bind to IGF-1R similarly to human insulin, whereas glargine exhibits a higher affinity for the IGF-1R and greater mitogenetic effects. The present study was specifically designed to establish the dose-response metabolism of glargine over 24 h following s.

A novel variation in the AVP gene resulting in familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus in a large Italian kindred.

Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) is mostly an autosomal dominant inherited disorder presenting with severe polydipsia and polyuria typically in early childhood. To date, 69 different variations in the AVP gene encoding the AVP prohormone have been identified in autosomal dominant FNDI (adFNDI). In this study we present a family of seven generations, in which a novel variation in the AVP gene seems to cause adFNDI.

BClI polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor gene is associated with increased obesity, impaired glucose metabolism and dyslipidaemia in patients with Addison's disease.

Object: Although glucocorticoids are essential for health, several studies have shown that glucocorticoids replacement in Addison's disease might be involved in anthropometric and metabolic impairment, with increased cardiovascular risk, namely if conventional doses are used. As the effects of glucocorticoids are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, encoded by NR3C1 gene, different polymorphisms in the NR3C1 gene have been linked to altered glucocorticoid sensitivity in general population as well as in patients with obesity or metabolic syndrome.

Design: We investigated the impact of glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms, including the BclI, N363S and ER22/23EK variants, on anthropometric parameters (BMI and waist circumference), metabolic profile (HOMA, OGTT and serum lipids) and ACTH levels in 50 patients with Addison's disease (34 women and 16 men, age 20-82 year) under glucocorticoids replacement.

Progressive decline of residual follicle pool after clinical diagnosis of autoimmune ovarian insufficiency.

Context: In approximately 5-8% patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), the disease is caused by an autoimmune process made evident by the appearance of autoantibodies against steroidogenic enzymes (SCA-POI). Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is the best marker of the residual follicular pool.

Objective: To evaluate the rate of loss of the residual follicle pool in women with SCA-POI after clinical diagnosis.