PROTOCOL: Non-criminal justice interventions for countering cognitive and behavioural radicalisation amongst children and adolescents: A systematic review of effectiveness and implementation.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. (1) Examine whether secondary and tertiary interventions delivered outside of the criminal justice system are effective at countering the cognitive and behavioural radicalisation of children and adolescents by synthesising evidence relating to relevant primary and secondary outcomes of effectiveness.

Integrating continuous flow reaction and work-up: chiral amine resolution, separation and purification using a novel coalescing filter system.

To maximize the benefits of a continuous flow reaction, a continuous work-up is also needed. Herein, we present a process design and novel equipment for a continuous amine resolution reaction, integrated with liquid-liquid (L-L) extraction, back-extraction into a different solvent, and crystallisation purification for product isolation. The reaction, in iso-propyl acetate, flows through a heated fixed-bed reactor with solid supported lipase which catalyses the resolution of ()-1-phenylethylamine to give the ()-amide in 50% conversion and 96% enantiomeric excess (ee).

(Re)thinking about self-harm and autism: Findings from an online qualitative study on self-harm in autistic adults.

There is a higher prevalence of self-harming behaviours within the autistic community than is experienced by the general population, in addition to co-occurring mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. To date, research has focused on quantifying and categorising the numbers of autistic people self-harming, what types of harming they are engaging in and what functions the harming performs. Autism research has historically focused on the opinions and experiences of parents, carers and clinicians, with a belief that autistic people are unable to present their own experiences and thoughts accurately.

Archival mitogenomes identify invasion by the CAPE lineage caused an African amphibian extinction in the wild.

Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases are influenced by local biotic and abiotic factors, with host declines occurring when conditions favour the pathogen. Deterioration in the population of the micro-endemic Tanzanian Kihansi spray toad () occurred after the construction of a hydropower dam, implicating habitat modification in this species decline. Population recovery followed habitat augmentation; however, a subsequent outbreak of chytridiomycosis caused by () led to the spray toad's extinction in the wild.