Buffalopox.

Buffalopox is a contagious viral disease affecting milch buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) and, rarely, cows. The disease has zoonotic implications, as outbreaks are frequently associated with human infections, particularly in the milkers. Buffalopox is associated with high morbidity (80%).

[Vaccine-like viruses: peculiarities of circulation in the South America].

The peculiarities of the spread of vaccine-like viruses first revealed more than 50 years ago in the area of the South America was discussed. These viruses cause infective episodes among milk cattle and caretaking personnel. Cancellation of the smallpox vaccination in 1980 resulted in a decrease in the community immunity and increased the risks of human infection.

[Cowpox: features of spread after cancellation of mandatory pox immunization].

Features of spread of cowpox in the contemporary conditions are examined. A decrease of population immunity to pox in the population of Russia caused by cancellation of pox immunization, hidden circulation of cowpox virus in various species of rodents, as well as lack of vigilance to pathogenic orthopoxviurses in healthcare workers were noted to create the real preconditions for the emergence of infection of humans caused by cowpox virus. Thereby presence of means of express laboratory diagnostics of cowpox and means of effective medical protection for the prevention of development of this disease in the population of Russia becomes an actual necessity.

[Monkeypox: features of spread after cancellation of mandatory pox immunization].

Features of spread of monkeypox after eradication of smallpox and cancellation of mandatory pox immunization are examined. In the condition of cancellation of mandatory pox immunization, a decrease of population immunity to pox in the population, a lack of vigilance in most of the medical specialists to diseases caused by other pathogenic for human orthopoxviruses was noted. This situation complicates the prognosis of the development of possible outbreaks of infection of humans by monkeypox.