Elucidating governing factors of PFAS removal by polyamide membranes using machine learning and molecular simulations.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have recently garnered considerable concerns regarding their impacts on human and ecological health. Despite the important roles of polyamide membranes in remediating PFASs-contaminated water, the governing factors influencing PFAS transport across these membranes remain elusive. In this study, we investigate PFAS rejection by polyamide membranes using two machine learning (ML) models, namely XGBoost and multimodal transformer models.

Harnessing Raman spectroscopy and multimodal imaging of cartilage for osteoarthritis diagnosis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease of cartilage characterised by joint pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life with affected joint movement leading to pain and limited mobility. Current methods to diagnose OA are predominantly limited to X-ray, MRI and invasive joint fluid analysis, all of which lack chemical or molecular specificity and are limited to detection of the disease at later stages. A rapid minimally invasive and non-destructive approach to disease diagnosis is a critical unmet need.

C-H Functionalization of Imidazo[1,5-]pyridines: A Metal-Free Approach for Methylene Insertion to Access C(sp)-C(sp)-H-C(sp) Bond Formation.

Formaldehyde has been used as a solvent and a source of carbon to insert a methylene group for bridging two imidazo[1,5-]pyridine molecules without using any metal catalysis. This strategy has been extended on other alkyl-, aryl-, and heteroaryl aldehydes as well. This C(sp)-C(sp)-H-C(sp) bond forming reaction proceeds via C(sp)H functionalization of imidazo[1,5-]pyridine and was applied on a wide range of substrates offering moderate to good yields of methylene-bridged/inserted bis-imidazo[1,5-]pyridines.

Recent advances in carbon-based materials derived from diverse green biowaste for sensing applications: a comprehensive overview from the perspective of synthesis method and application.

The rapid increase in global waste, driven by population growth, has raised significant environmental concerns. Among different types of wastes, green biowastes (BWs) containing organic matter have attracted considerable attention. The conversion of BW, particularly from herbaceous and animal sources, to carbon-based materials (CBMs) introduces a suitable platform for waste management and resource recovery.