Replacing dietary carbohydrate with protein and fat improves lipoprotein subclass profile and liver fat in type 2 diabetes independent of body weight: evidence from 2 randomized controlled trials.

Background: Dyslipidemia with elevated concentrations of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), small-dense LDL, and reduced HDL is linked to hepatic steatosis and promotes atherogenesis in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objectives: We aimed to analyze whether moderate carbohydrate restriction reduces liver fat in T2D independent of changes in body weight and whether this is accompanied by parallel improvements in plasma lipoprotein subclasses.

Methods: We determined the density profile of circulating lipoproteins in patients with T2D from 2 previous randomized controlled trials.

Weight Loss Induces Changes in Vitamin D Status in Women with Obesity but not in Men: a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Context: Obesity is associated with low vitamin D and recent studies have suggested a difference in vitamin D metabolism between females and males.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of weight loss on vitamin D status in individuals with obesity, and secondarily, whether vitamin D metabolism differs between women and men.

Methods: Secondary analysis from a randomized placebo-controlled trial, designed to investigate the efficacy of 52 weeks of treatment with either liraglutide, exercise or combined, compared with placebo on weight loss maintenance after an 8-week low-calorie diet-induced weight loss in 195 individuals with obesity (BMI 32-43 kg/m2).

Liraglutide enhances insulin secretion and prolongs the remission period in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (the NewLira study): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Aim: To test the effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, on residual beta-cell function in adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: In a multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group trial, adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and stimulated C-peptide of more than 0.2 nmol/L were randomized (1:1) to 1.

Effect of ghrelin on glucose tolerance, gut hormones, appetite, and food intake after sleeve gastrectomy.

Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulating hormone secreted from the gastric mucosa in the fasting state, and secretion decreases in response to food intake. After sleeve gastrectomy (SG), plasma concentrations of ghrelin decrease markedly. Whether this affects appetite and glucose tolerance postoperatively is unknown.