The calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) are a group of seven closely related membrane-active cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics (cLPAs) first isolated in the early 1980s from the fermentation broth of . Their target was unknown, and the mechanism of action is uncertain. Herein, we report new routes for the synthesis of CDA4b and its analogues, explore the structure-activity relationships at its lipid tail and at positions 3, 9, and 11, and determine the CDAs' lipid target.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVasculitic neuropathy is caused by inflammatory destruction of nerve blood vessels resulting in nerve ischemia. Nerve vasculitis can be divided into two categories based on vessel size - large arteriole vasculitis (≥75 µm) and microvasculitis (<75 µm). Herein, we characterize the clinical features of nerve large-arteriole vasculitis compared to nerve microvasculitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRationale: The positive reinforcing effects of alcohol (ethanol) drive repetitive use and contribute to alcohol use disorder (AUD). Ethanol alters the expression of glutamate AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits in reward-related brain regions, but the extent to which this effect regulates ethanol's reinforcing properties is unclear.
Objective: This study investigates whether ethanol self-administration changes AMPAR subunit expression and synaptic activity in the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC) to regulate ethanol's reinforcing effects in male C57BL/6 J mice.
Rhabdomyolysis, a severe condition marked by the breakdown of muscle tissue, leads to the release of intracellular contents into the bloodstream. This condition can be triggered by a range of factors, including intense physical activity, traumatic injuries, certain medications, and infections. Diagnosis typically involves detecting elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels alongside characteristic clinical symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic pain can be complicated by problematic opioid use, which may decrease engagement in care and HIV medication adherence. Pain-related anxiety and catastrophic thinking augment pain severity and interference while driving increased substance use. The acceptability and effect of a music-based smartphone application on negative affect and catastrophic thinking were evaluated in a mixed-methods study among persons living with HIV (PWH) with problematic opioid use and chronic pain.
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