Thiazolium salt mimics the non-coenzyme effects of vitamin B in rat synaptosomes.

Long-term studies have confirmed a causal relationship between the development of neurodegenerative processes and vitamin B (thiamine) deficiency. However, the biochemical mechanisms underlying the high neurotropic activity of thiamine are not fully understood. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that vitamin B, in addition to its coenzyme functions, may have non-coenzyme activities that are particularly important for neurons.

Hybrid Refractive-Diffractive Lens with Reduced Chromatic and Geometric Aberrations and Learned Image Reconstruction.

In this paper, we present a hybrid refractive-diffractive lens that, when paired with a deep neural network-based image reconstruction, produces high-quality, real-world images with minimal artifacts, reaching a PSNR of 28 dB on the test set. Our diffractive element compensates for the off-axis aberrations of a single refractive element and has reduced chromatic aberrations across the visible light spectrum. We also describe our training set augmentation and novel quality criteria called "false edge level" (FEL), which validates that the neural network produces visually appealing images without artifacts under a wide range of ISO and exposure settings.

Promoting effect of Zn in high-loading Zn/Ni-SiO catalysts for selective hydrogen evolution from methylcyclohexane.

The dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane to toluene was investigated over high-loading monometallic Ni-SiO and bimetallic Zn/Ni-SiO catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by the impregnation coupled with the advantageous heterophase sol-gel technique. Their performance was tested in a fixed-bed flow reactor at 250-350 °C, 0.

Thiamine deficiency in rats affects thiamine metabolism possibly through the formation of oxidized thiamine pyrophosphate.

Background: Thiamine deficiency (TD) has a number of features in common with the neurodegenerative diseases development and close relationship between TD and oxidative stress (OS) has been repeatedly reported in the literature. The aim of this study is to understand how alimentary TD, accompanied by OS, affects the expression and level of two thiamine metabolism proteins in rat brain, namely, thiamine transporter 1 (THTR1) and thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK1), and what factors are responsible for the observed changes.

Methods: The effects of OS caused by TD on the THTR1and TPK1 expression in rat cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus were examined.