Copper(I)- and copper(0)-promoted homocoupling and homocoupling-hydrodehalogenation reactions of dihalogenoclathrochelate precursors for C-C conjugated iron(II) bis-cage complexes.

Iron(II) dibromo- and diiodoclathrochelates undergo copper(I)-promoted reductive homocoupling in HMPA at 70-80 °C leading to C-C conjugated dibromo- and diiodo-bis-clathrochelates in high yields. Under the same conditions, their dichloroclathrochelate analog does not undergo the same homocoupling reaction, so the target dichloro-bis-cage product was obtained in high yield via dimerization of its heterodihalogenide iodochloromonomacrobicyclic precursor. The use of NMP as a solvent at 120-140 °C gave the mixture of bis-clathrochelates resulting from a tandem homocoupling-hydrodehalogenation reaction: the initial acetonitrile copper(I) solvato-complex at a high temperature underwent re-solvatation and disproportionation leading to Cu(II) ions and nano-copper, which promoted the hydrodehalogenation process even at room temperature.

[Alternative type of fuel--biobutanol].

Butanol--an alternative fuel that on amid dwindling global (accessible) oil reserves can serve as a source of energy. In the industrial-scale butanol is produced by chemical synthesis, although initially butanol production was due to microbiological synthesis. For cost-efficient production, a strain of microorganisms must have over production of butanol.

[Microbial lipids as a source for biofuel].

This review presents the main directions and experimental data to search among the different species of yeast--active producers of lipids and the ways to lipidogenesis process optimization in the most promising stains. It was shown that enzymatic processes course can be directed with maintaining the necessary cultivation conditions. The influence on the growth, development and biochemical activity of microbial medium composition, temperature, aeration and oxidation-reduction conditions was considered.

[Peculiarity of the laboratory diagnostic of the measles virus infection in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated patients].

119 specimens of blood sera collected from measles cases with different vaccination history (aged 4 months to 48 years) on 5th-6th days after rash onset were Investigated using EIA. The obtained results showed that the primary immune response (PIR) was developed in 59 patients; the secondary immune response (SIR) was developed in 60 patients with a significant increase in the specific high avidity IgG (22.34 IU/ml +/- 3.

Synthesis and structure of the first clathrochelate iron(II) tris-dioximates with inherent nitrile substituent(s) and new dehalogenation--reduction reaction at a quasi-aromatic macrobicyclic framework.

Monoribbed-substituted mono- and dicyano-functionalized iron(II) macrobicycles were obtained for the first time by the reaction of iron(II) diiodoclathrochelate precursor with copper(I) cyanide-triphenylphosphine complex under mild conditions. The target dinitrile clathrochelate is a minor product of this reaction, whereas the major product contains only one cyano group. The clathrochelates obtained were characterized using elemental analysis, (1)H and (13)C{(1)H} NMR, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, MALDI-TOF spectrometry and X-ray diffraction crystallography.