ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: structures and roles in bacterial pathogenesis.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporter systems are divided into importers and exporters that facilitate the movement of diverse substrate molecules across the lipid bilayer, against the concentration gradient. These transporters comprise two highly conserved nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and two transmembrane domains (TMDs). Unlike ABC exporters, prokaryotic ABC importers require an additional substrate-binding protein (SBP) as a recognition site for specific substrate translocation.

Health assets among refugees in Australia: a systematic review.

Background: A health assets-based approach seeks to identify health-promoting or protective factors across multiple levels. Evidence of the health assets of refugees at the individual, family, and community levels in Australia is scarce. We aimed to synthesise current evidence from Australia to identify refugee health assets and explore how they influence health and well-being.

Shining a spotlight on pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease care: The latest advances in diagnosis and treatment.

Pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) is a complex condition in which 2 consequential diseases interact and increase negative outcomes. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PH-ILD are not yet well understood, the pronounced effect on functional status, supplemental oxygen requirements, health care resource utilization, and mortality that frequently accompany this diagnosis are well documented. A critical feature that complicates pathophysiologic understanding of PH-ILD is that progression of the pulmonary vascular disease does not always appear to be driven by the underlying lung disease.

Correlation of classic history, imaging and pathology with novel genetics in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.

A spontaneous pneumothorax may be the heralding manifestation of diffuse cystic lung disease (DCLD). Historically, these diagnoses were differentiated by unique clinical, radiographic and tissue pathology characteristics. With recent advancements in genomics, several forms of DCLD can now be diagnosed through genetic testing and patients can thereby avoid undergoing an invasive lung biopsy.

Echocardiography Findings for Pulmonary Hypertension During Workup for Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction.

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a minimally invasive intervention that improves dyspnea and quality of life in select individuals with emphysema. Echocardiography is the initial screening tool for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients evaluated for BLVR. Multiple BLVR and lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) trials have used and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) of 45 mm Hg as a cutoff for potential significant PH.