Variations and Asymmetry in Sacral Ventral Rami Contributions to the Bladder.

We have demonstrated in human cadavers and canines that nerve transfer to bladder vesical nerve branches is technically feasible for bladder reinnervation after nerve injury. We further clarify here that sacral (S) ventral rami contribute to these vesical branches in 36 pelvic sides (in 22 human cadavers). Gross post-mortem visualization and open anterior abdominal approaches were used, as was micro-CT of sacral nerve bundles, for further confirmation when needed.

Repetitive Overuse Injury Causes Entheseal Damage and Palmar Muscle Fibrosis in Older Rats.

Overuse injury is a frequent diagnosis in occupational medicine and athletics. Using an established model of upper extremity overuse, we sought to characterize changes occurring in the forepaws and forelimbs of mature female rats (14-18 months of age). Thirty-three rats underwent a 4-week shaping period, before performing a high-repetition low-force (HRLF) task for 12 weeks, with the results being compared to 32 mature controls.

Reaching the precision limit with tensor-based wavefront shaping.

Perturbations in complex media, due to their own dynamical evolution or to external effects, are often seen as detrimental. Therefore, a common strategy, especially for telecommunication and imaging applications, is to limit the sensitivity to those perturbations in order to avoid them. Here, instead, we consider enhancing the interaction between light and perturbations to produce the largest change in the output intensity distribution.

Dynamic structured illumination for confocal microscopy.

Structured illumination enables the tailoring of an imaging device's optical transfer function to enhance resolution. We propose the incorporation of a temporal periodic modulation, specifically a rotating mask, to encode multiple transfer functions in the temporal domain. This approach is demonstrated using a confocal microscope configuration.

Potentiation of Collagen Deposition by the Combination of Substance P with Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Rat Skin Fibroblasts.

A role for substance P has been proposed in musculoskeletal fibrosis, with effects mediated through transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). We examined the in vitro effects of substance P on proliferation, collagen secretion, and collagen deposition in rat primary dermal fibroblasts cultured in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, with or without TGFβ. In six-day cultures, substance P increased cell proliferation at concentrations from 0.