Exposure to spaceflight enhances the virulence of Purpureocillium lilacinum against Tetranychus cinnabarinus: modulation of the host's enzyme activities and microbiome.

Multiple studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of space conditions on human, plant, and microbial life. This research investigated the virulence of spaceflight mutants of the entomopathogenic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum (HP7, HP36, HP52) and its original strain (SP535) against Tetranychus cinnabarinus as well as examination of the T. cinnabarinus immune response, including alterations in enzyme profiles and microbiome composition post fungal application.

Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis.

Background: Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 is an emerging syndrome, recognized in COVID-19 patients who suffer from mild to severe illness and do not recover completely. Most studies define Long COVID, through symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, joint pain, and headache prevailing four or more weeks post-initial infection. Global variations in Long COVID presentation and symptoms make it challenging to standardize features of Long COVID.

Case Report: Percutaneous Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Occipital Neuralgia.

Headaches are among the most prevalent medical complaints globally. Occipital neuralgia is a chronic headache disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral severe pain originating in the neck or skull base and radiating up along the occipital nerve distribution. Effective treatment options for occipital neuralgia can be challenging and some patients may prove to be refractory to conventional medical and interventional therapies.

A Step Beyond Mortality: Identifying Factors of Prolonged Hospital Stay for Emergency General Surgery Conditions in a Low- and Middle-Income Country.

Introduction: While various factors leading to prolonged length of stay (LOS) have been identified for emergency general surgery (EGS), there is limited literature on specific factors for individual emergent specialties. This study aimed to identify patient factors and in-hospital complications associated with prolonged LOS for gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI-related EGS presentations in a low-resource setting.

Methods: Data from 2010 to 2019 were retrieved from one of the largest tertiary care centers in Pakistan.

Population attributable fractions for modifiable risk factors of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in 48 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Identifying the modifiable risk factors for childhood mortality using population-attributable fractions (PAFs) estimates can inform public health planning and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We estimated PAFs for key population-level modifiable risk factors of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in LMICs.

Methods: We used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey data sets (2010-22) from 48 LMICs, encompassing 35 sub-Saharan African countries and 13 countries from South and Southeast Asia (n = 506 989).