Dystrophin in the Neonatal and Adult Rat Intestine.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are frequently noted in aging dystrophinopathy patients, yet their underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. As dystrophin protein isoform 71 (Dp71) is particularly implicated in the development of smooth muscle cells, we evaluated its distribution in the neonatal and adult rat intestine in this study.

Methods: Dp71 expression levels were assessed in the proximal (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and distal (caecum, colon and rectum) intestine by Western blotting and qPCR.

Oxidative stress in pancreatic alpha and beta cells as a selection criterion for biocompatible biomaterials.

The clinical success rate of islet transplantation, namely independence from insulin injections, is limited by factors that lead to graft failure, including inflammation, acute ischemia, acute phase response, and insufficient vascularization. The ischemia and insufficient vascularization both lead to high levels of oxidative stress, which are further aggravated by islet encapsulation, inflammation, and undesirable cell-biomaterial interactions. To identify biomaterials that would not further increase damaging oxidative stress levels and that are also suitable for manufacturing a beta cell encapsulation device, we studied five clinically approved polymers for their effect on oxidative stress and islet (alpha and beta cell) function.

Pyridine-Enabled C-N Bond Activation for the Rapid Construction of Amides and 4-Pyridylglyoxamides by Cooperative Palladium/Copper Catalysis.

A pyridine-enabled C-N bond activation of peptidomimetics employing cooperative palladium/copper catalysis in water is developed. Diverse amides and 4-pyridylglyoxamides are simultaneously synthesized through two steps from commercially available materials in a rapid, environmentally friendly, and high atom-economical manner.

The dietary antioxidant quercetin reduces hallmarks of bleomycin-induced lung fibrogenesis in mice.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, lethal disease of which the etiology is still not fully understood. Current treatment comprises two FDA-approved drugs that can slow down yet not stop or reverse the disease. As IPF pathology is associated with an altered redox balance, adding a redox modulating component to current therapy might exert beneficial effects.

A cross-omics approach to investigate temporal gene expression regulation by 5-hydroxymethylcytosine via TBH-derived oxidative stress showed involvement of different regulatory kinases.

Regulation of DNA methylation plays a crucial role in biological processes and carcinogenesis. The formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been proposed as an intermediate of active demethylation. However, whether and how active demethylation is regulated by oxidative stress-related processes is not well understood.