Single-molecule toxicogenomics: Optical genome mapping of DNA-damage in nanochannel arrays.

Quantitative genomic mapping of DNA damage may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of damage and repair. Sequencing based approaches are bound to the limitations of PCR amplification bias and read length which hamper both the accurate quantitation of damage events and the ability to map them to structurally complex genomic regions. Optical Genome mapping in arrays of parallel nanochannels allows physical extension and genetic profiling of millions of long genomic DNA fragments, and has matured to clinical utility for characterization of complex structural aberrations in cancer genomes.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor signaling alleviates gut inflammation in mice.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are gut-derived peptide hormones that potentiate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The clinical development of GIP receptor (GIPR)-GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) multi-agonists exemplified by tirzepatide and emerging GIPR antagonist-GLP-1R agonist therapeutics such as maritide is increasing interest in the extra-pancreatic actions of incretin therapies. Both GLP-1 and GIP modulate inflammation, with GLP-1 also acting locally to alleviate gut inflammation in part through anti-inflammatory actions on GLP-1R+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Gaining Insight into Operative Performance: Analysis of an Automated 360-Degree Feedback Tool Among Perioperative Staff.

Background: Surgery has seen limited adoption of 360-degree feedback tools, and no current tools evaluate intraoperative performance from a technical, nontechnical, or teaching skill perspective. We sought to evaluate the overall findings and perceived value of a novel 360-degree feedback tool for surgeons from their operating room colleagues.

Methods: The 'intraoperative 360' (i360) combined 3 previously validated scales of surgeon performance.

Regulatory CD4 T cells redirected against pathogenic CD8 T cells protect NOD mice from development of autoimmune diabetes.

Introduction: In this study, we report a novel therapeutic approach redirecting antigen-specific CD4 T cells recognizing a hybrid insulin peptide (BDC2.5 T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD4 T cells) to attract and suppress islet-specific CD8 T cells T cells in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model, and prevent the development of autoimmune diabetes.

Methods: Purified BDC2.