IUPHAR Themed Review: The Gut Microbiome in Schizophrenia.

Gut microbial dysbiosis or altered gut microbial consortium, in schizophrenia suggests a pathogenic role through the gut-brain axis, influencing neuroinflammatory and neurotransmitter pathways critical to psychotic, affective, and cognitive symptoms. Paradoxically, conventional psychotropic interventions may exacerbate this dysbiosis, with antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, demonstrating profound effects on microbial architecture through disruption of bacterial phyla ratios, diminished taxonomic diversity, and attenuated short-chain fatty acid synthesis. To address these challenges, novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome, encompassing probiotic supplementation, prebiotic compounds, faecal microbiota transplantation, and rationalised co-pharmacotherapy, show promise in attenuating antipsychotic-induced metabolic disruptions while enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures After Direct Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty Are Comparable Between Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis: A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Introduction: It is currently unclear whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis have similar functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) as those with osteoarthritis, particularly given that rheumatoid arthritis may have systemic manifestations in terms of pain and function. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported outcome measures between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and matched control patients with osteoarthritis who underwent direct anterior THA.

Methods: All patients who underwent direct anterior THA from 2010 to 2022 at a single academic institution were retrospectively reviewed.

A systematic review of features and content quality of Arabic mental mHealth apps.

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are major causes of disability in Arab countries, yet resources for mental health services are insufficient. Mobile devices may improve mental health care delivery (mental m-Health), but the Arab region's mental m-Health app landscape remains under-documented. This study aims to systematically assess the features, quality, and digital safety of mental m-Health apps available in the Arab marketplace.

CYP1B1-AS1 regulates CYP1B1 to promote pathogenesis by inhibiting ROS and host cell death.

(Cb), the causative agent of Q fever, replicates within host macrophages by modulating immune responses through poorly understood mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of inflammation, yet their role in Cb pathogenesis remains largely unexplored. Here, we employed a global transcriptomic approach to identify lncRNAs specific to Cb infection in THP-1 derived macrophages, compared to 15 other microbial infections.

Characterizing the Clinical Trajectory and Predicting Persistence and Deterioration of Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms in Ultra-High-Risk Individuals.

Background: Almost 40% of individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis experience persistent attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) yet it is unclear (1) whether they share overlapping clinical and functional outcomes compared to individuals who transition to psychosis, (2) when symptom and functioning trajectories begin to diverge between UHR individuals with different clinical outcomes, and (3) whether non-remission (persistent APS or transition) can be predicted using baseline and/or longitudinal data.

Study Design: Participants were drawn from 2 randomized clinical trials: Neurapro (n = 220; discovery sample) and STEP (n = 180; external validation sample). First, 12-24 month symptoms and functioning were compared between UHR individuals with persistent APS, sustained remission, or transition to psychosis.