Challenges and unique considerations of adolescents with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent disease that burdens patients of all ages significantly. While much data have been gathered on adult and paediatric populations, there is a lack of data on the effects of CKD on young adults and adolescents. The aim of this review was to look at the prevalence and comorbidities of this patient population, considering the rapid biological growth and development during this time frame.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5'--Fatty Acyl Ester Derivatives of 3'-Fluoro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine as Potential Anti-HIV Microbicides.

A number of 5′-O-fatty acyl derivatives of 3′-fluoro-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (FLT, 1) were synthesized. These conjugates were evaluated for their potential as topical microbicides with anti-HIV activity against cell-free (X4 and R5), cell-associated, and multidrug-resistant viruses. Compared to FLT and 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT), 5′-O-(12-azidododecanoyl) (5), 5′-O-myristoyl (6), and 5′-O-(12-thioethyldodecanoyl) (8) derivatives of FLT were found to be more active against both cell-free viruses (lymphocytotropic and monocytotropic strains) with EC50 values of 0.

Application of Quantitative NMR (qHNMR) towards Establishment of Pharmaceutical Reference Standard; A Case of a Ticagrelor Process Impurity.

Quantitative proton NMR (qHNMR) methodology was employed for the stoichiometric (free base and the corresponding counterion) assessment of a ticagrelor process impurity, also referred to in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), Pharmacopeial Forum as Ticagrelor Related Compound A (RC A), [(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cyclopropan-1-amine (R)-mandelate], also called as Tica amine mandelate, a critical impurity that, when present during manufacturing, has a limit of not more than 0.0008%. The Tica amine is also a listed impurity E in the Ticagrelor monograph, in European Pharmacopeia.