Wagner diagram for modeling Opathway-calculation and graphical display by the Helsinki OPathway Tool.

Maximal Ouptake (V˙O2max) reflects the individual's maximal rate of Otransport and utilization through the integrated whole-body pathway composed of the lungs, heart, blood, circulation, and metabolically active tissues. As such,V˙O2maxis strongly associated with physical capacity as well as overall health and thus acts as one predictor of physical performance and as a vital sign in determination of status and progress of numerous clinical conditions. Quantifying the contribution of single parts of the multistep Opathway toV˙O2maxprovides mechanistic insights into exercise (in)tolerance and into therapy-, training-, or disuse-induced adaptations at individual or group levels.

Phono-spectrographic analysis of heart murmur in children.

Background: More than 90% of heart murmurs in children are innocent. Frequently the skills of the first examiner are not adequate to differentiate between innocent and pathological murmurs. Our goal was to evaluate the value of a simple and low-cost phonocardiographic recording and analysis system in determining the characteristic features of heart murmurs in children and in distinguishing innocent systolic murmurs from pathological.

Detection of cardiac pathology: time intervals and spectral analysis.

Aim: To develop an objective diagnostic method that facilitates detection of noncyanotic congenital heart diseases.

Methods: Heart sounds and murmurs were recorded from 60 healthy children and 173 children with noncyanotic congenital heart disease. Time intervals were measured and spectrum of the systolic murmurs analyzed.

Atrial septal defect: a diagnostic approach.

A simple objective screening method for diagnosis of the atrial septal defect (ASD) is needed. Acoustic signals were collected from 61 children with ASD and 60 with a physiological murmur. The second heart sound (S2) and the spectrum of systolic murmur were analysed.

Computer-based detection and analysis of heart sound and murmur.

To develop a digital algorithm that detects first and second heart sounds, defines the systole and diastole, and characterises the systolic murmur. Heart sounds were recorded in 300 children with a cardiac murmur, using an electronic stethoscope. A Digital algorithm was developed for detection of first and second heart sounds.