Long-acting cabotegravir pharmacokinetics with and without oral lead-in for HIV PrEP.

Unlabelled: Long-acting cabotegravir is approved for pre-exposure prophylaxis and combination HIV treatment, both initiated with optional short-term oral lead-in (OLI). We evaluated the impact of OLI on long-acting cabotegravir pharmacokinetics. Cabotegravir plasma concentrations were compared between HIV-positive participants initiating injections with ( = 278) or without ( = 110) OLI in phase III treatment study FLAIR and in HIV-negative participants using OLI ( = 263) in pivotal pre-exposure prophylaxis studies HPTN 083 and HPTN 084.

Demographic diversity of US-based participants in GSK-sponsored interventional clinical trials.

Background: Demographic diversity among clinical trials is required for representing the real-world populations intended for treatment and disease prevention. Moreover, genetic and environmental differences between ethnic and racial groups necessitate appropriately powered trials for relevant subgroups. We investigate the racial and ethnic demographic diversity of US-based participants in GSK-sponsored interventional trials.

New Perspectives on the Marine Carbon Cycle-The Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Reactivity Continuum.

This perspective challenges our current understanding of the marine carbon cycle, including an alternative explanation of bulk C-DOM measurements. We propose the adoption of the carbon reactivity continuum concept previously established for lakes and sediments for the oceans using kinetic data and term this the marine DOM reactivity continuum. We need to gain a fundamental understanding of the biogeochemical drivers of surface water DOM concentrations and reactivity, biological carbon pump efficiency, and the autotrophic communities that are the ultimate but variable sources of marine DOM.

Adherence to Daily Oral TDF/FTC for PrEP in Community Health Center Populations: The Sustainable Health Center Implementation PrEP Pilot (SHIPP) Study.

The prevention effectiveness of oral preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly dependent on medication adherence but no validated longer term PrEP adherence measures are readily available for use by primary care clinicians caring for diverse populations. We compared two self-report measures (number of doses missed in past 7 days and day-by-day past week pill taking) to results of tenofovir concentrations in dried blood spot (DBS) samples at quarterly visits over the first 12 months of PrEP use. 1420 men and women in five US community health centers enrolled in a medication adherence substudy.