Interaction between NMDA glutamatergic and nitrergic enteric pathways during in vitro ischemia and reperfusion.

Nitric oxide (NO) and glutamate, via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, participate to changes in neuromuscular responses after ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the gut. In the present study we investigated the existence of a possible interplay between nitrergic and NMDA receptor pathways in the guinea pig ileum after in vitro I/R injury, resorting to functional and biomolecular approaches. In normal metabolic conditions NMDA concentration-dependently enhanced both glutamate (analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection) and NO (spectrophotometrically quantified as NO2(-) and NO3(-)) spontaneous overflow from isolated ileal segments.

Role of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases in the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus during in vitro ischemia and reperfusion.

Background: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to abnormalities in motility, namely delay of transit, caused by damage to myenteric neurons. Alterations of the nitrergic transmission may occur in these conditions. This study investigated whether an in vitro I/R injury may affect nitric oxide (NO) production from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum and which NO synthase (NOS) isoform is involved.

Association between CYP1A2 polymorphisms and clozapine-induced adverse reactions in patients with schizophrenia.

We investigated the relationships between common polymorphisms in CYP1A2 (CYP1A2(⁎)1C and (⁎)1F), CYP1A2-mRNA levels in circulating lymphocytes and clozapine(CLZ)-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in 34 patients. Patients with ADRs had a higher frequency of CYP1A2 low activity allele combinations (8/12; 67%) and lower CYP1A2-mRNA levels than patients without ADRs (6/22; 27%, P=0.019).

Dopaminergic modulation of CD4+CD25(high) regulatory T lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis patients during interferon-β therapy.

Objective: We investigated dopaminergic inhibition of CD4+CD25(high) regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with interferon (IFN)-β.

Methods: MS patients were prospectively studied at baseline and during 1 year of IFN-β, and compared with healthy controls (HCs). Treg were separated by immunomagnetic sorting and the effect of dopamine (DA) on Treg was assessed in coculture experiments with homologous effector T lymphocytes (Teff).