Effect of propofol anesthesia on force application during colonoscopy.

Background: Sedation is frequently used during colonoscopy to control patient discomfort and pain. Propofol is associated with a deeper level of sedation than is a combination of a narcotic and sedative hypnotic and, therefore, may be associated with an increase in force applied to the colonoscope to advance and withdraw the instrument.

Objective: To compare force application to the colonoscope insertion tube during propofol anesthesia and moderate sedation.

Segmental increases in force application during colonoscope insertion: quantitative analysis using force monitoring technology.

Background: Colonoscopy is a frequently performed procedure that requires extensive training and a high skill level.

Objective: Quantification of forces applied to the external portion of the colonoscope insertion tube during the insertion phase of colonoscopy.

Design: Observational cohort study of 7 expert and 9 trainee endoscopists for analysis of colonic segment force application in 49 patients.

Drug-induced liver disease 2004.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize the salient reviews, studies and case reports and series that dealt with clinical, pathological, methodological, and epidemiological descriptions of drug-induced liver disease in the calendar year 2004.

Recent Findings: While no new causes of drug-induced liver injury were reported for 2004, several new reports of previously recognized hepatotoxins, including herbal products, were published. These include the antiretroviral drugs for HIV and agents to manage tuberculosis.