Challenges in the care of individuals with severe primary insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency (SPIGFD): an international, multi-stakeholder perspective.

Background: Severe primary insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) deficiency (SPIGFD) is a rare growth disorder characterized by short stature (standard deviation score [SDS] ≤ 3.0), low circulating concentrations of IGF-I (SDS ≤ 3.0), and normal or elevated concentrations of growth hormone (GH).

Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated with Organ Damage in Newly Diagnosed Adults with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the UK.

Introduction: This analysis compared healthcare resource use (HCRU) and costs associated with incident organ damage in a cohort of adult patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Incident SLE cases were identified (Clinical Practice Research Datalink [CPRD] and Hospital Episode Statistics-linked healthcare databases; January 1, 2005-June 30, 2019). Annual incidence of 13 organ damage domains was calculated from SLE diagnosis through follow-up.

Adverse Outcomes, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs Associated with Systemic Corticosteroid use Among Adults with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the UK.

Introduction: This analysis was conducted to assess the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, healthcare resource use (HCRU), and the costs associated with systemic corticosteroid (SCS) use in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the UK.

Methods: We identified incident SLE cases using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD, Hospital Episode Statistics-linked healthcare, and Office for National Statistics mortality databases from January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2019. Adverse clinical outcomes, HCRU, and costs were captured for patients with and without prescribed SCS.

Reducing carbon footprint by switching to reusable soft-mist inhalers.

Objective: Inhalation therapy is the cornerstone of COPD, together with non-pharmacological treatments. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), alone or in combination with long-acting β-agonists (LABAs), are commonly used. Pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs) and soft-mist inhalers (SMIs) are used, each with different carbon footprints.