Role of Nicotinamide in the Pathogenesis of Actinic Keratosis: Implications for NAD/SIRT1 Pathway.

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precursor to invasive squamous cell carcinoma, making early diagnosis and treatment essential to prevent progression. Among available therapeutic options, nicotinamide (NAM) has shown potential in reducing AK progression. NAM is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which activates sirtuin (SIRT)1, a protein with anti-cancer properties.

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) Toxins in Bivalve Molluscs from Southern Italy Analysed by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS).

A new method for simultaneous determination by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) of 14 paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSP), that is, Saxitoxin, Neosaxitoxin, Gonyautoxins and their respective variants, in bivalve molluscs, is herein described. The samples were extracted by acetic acid solution, then analysed by UHPLC coupled with a Q-Exactive Orbitrap Plus high resolution mass spectrometer, by electrospray ionization mode (ESI) with no further clean up step. The analysis was carried out by monitoring both the exact mass of the molecular precursor ion of each compound (in mass scan mode, resolution at 70,000 FWHM) and its respective fragmentation patterns (two product ions) with mass accuracy greater than 5 ppm.

Altitudinal variations in forensically relevant dipterans in Trentino Region (Italy): implications for PMI estimation and forensic ecology.

This study investigates the populations of dipterans in the southeastern Prealps of Trentino, Italy, along an altitudinal gradient that exceeds 1000 m. The study is important because dipterans play a significant role in crime scene analysis by helping to determine the post-mortem interval (PMI) and understand corpse relocation dynamics. Nine aerial traps were used across three sites from May to November 2023, and a total of 17,876 individuals from diverse species were captured.

Levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, metals and rare earth elements in eggs and vegetables from areas with different environmental contamination impacts in the Campania region (Southern Italy).

Studying the links between environmental pollution and the levels of contamination in food is an important challenge to ensure human health. Matched samples of eggs from free-range hens and vegetables were analysed to investigate the bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, metals and rare earth elements. Only two egg samples resulted above the limit fixed for PCDD/Fs and the action level set for DL-PCBs.