Modeling of TDP-43 proteinopathy by chronic oxidative stress identifies rapamycin as beneficial in ALS patient-derived 2D and 3D iPSC models.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized neuropathologically by TDP-43 proteinopathy with loss of TDP-43 nuclear splicing activity and formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates. The lack of suitable experimental models of TDP-43 proteinopathy has hampered the discovery of effective therapies. We already showed that chronic and mild oxidative insult by sodium arsenite (ARS) triggered TDP-43 cytoplasmic aggregation and stress granules (SGs) formation in ALS patient-derived fibroblasts and motor neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-MNs).

How to perform an electrocardiogram in an awake pond slider turtle (Trachemys scripta): a comparative study of five noninvasive methodologies.

Objective: To compare multiple noninvasive ECG methods in pond sliders based upon repeatability, ability to recognize standard waveforms, and measurability.

Methods: The study was performed from November 2023 through January 2024. Ten healthy adult pond turtles were enrolled in the study.

Immunological and homeostatic pathways of alpha -1 antitrypsin: a new therapeutic potential.

α -1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a 52 kDa acute-phase glycoprotein belonging to the serine protease inhibitor superfamily (SERPIN). It is primarily synthesized by hepatocytes and to a lesser extent by monocytes, macrophages, intestinal epithelial cells, and bronchial epithelial cells. A1AT is encoded by SERPINA1 locus, also known as PI locus, highly polymorphic with at least 100 allelic variants described and responsible for different A1AT serum levels and function.