Tourism partnerships in protected areas: exploring contributions to sustainability.

Partnerships between natural-area managers and the tourism industry have been suggested to contribute to sustainability in protected areas. This article explores how important sustainability outcomes of partnerships are to their members, how well they are realised and the features of partnerships leading to their achievement. In 21 case studies in Australia, interviews (n = 97) and surveys (n = 100) showed that of 14 sustainability outcomes, improved understanding of protected areas values and improved biodiversity conservation were the most important.

Spatial differentiation of landscape values in the Murray River region of Victoria, Australia.

This research advances the understanding of the location of perceived landscape values through a statistically based approach to spatial analysis of value densities. Survey data were obtained from a sample of people living in and using the Murray River region, Australia, where declining environmental quality prompted a reevaluation of its conservation status. When densities of 12 perceived landscape values were mapped using geographic information systems (GIS), valued places clustered along the entire river bank and in associated National/State Parks and reserves.

Location of the quinine-dependent epitope on platelet glycoprotein IIIa.

Quinine-dependent (Q) IgG antibodies (Q.Ab) in drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia are heterogeneous and bind to different platelet surface glycoproteins (GP), namely GPIb, IX, IIb, IIIa and an unidentified 57-kDa membrane proteins. Although both the Q-dependent epitope on GPIIIa and the P1A1 antigen require intact disulphide bonds for their expression, they are distinct because Q.

Expression of the drug-dependent antigen for quinine-dependent antiplatelet antibodies on GP IIIa but not that on GPIb, IIb or IX on human endothelial cells.

In quinine- and quinidine-induced thrombocytopenic purpura IgG antibodies are known to react in a drug-dependent manner with different combinations of surface glycoproteins (GP) Ib, IIb, IIIa and IX. Because endothelial cells share a number of properties of platelets, including the presence of GP IIIa and GPIb-like proteins, we have compared these two cell types for their quinine-dependent IgG binding abilities. By immunoblotting of endothelial cells, quinine-dependent IgG binding from four patient sera was observed only to a 93 kDa component corresponding to GP IIIa.

Platelet aggregating IgG antibody to platelet surface glycoproteins associated with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia.

Previously described platelet-aggregating antibodies associated with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia required heparin for their in vivo and in vitro expression. We have observed a patient with thrombosis who became thrombocytopenic during heparin treatment, but who suffered further thrombotic events and continued thrombocytopenia for 3 months after heparin withdrawal. The patient's plasma contained a potent platelet aggregating factor reactive with both his own and normal platelets in the absence of heparin.