A simple and low-cost portable paper-based ABO blood typing device for point-of-care testing.

ABO blood group is the most important blood type system for transfusion medicine. A paper-based analytical device (PAD) for ABO blood typing has been proposed. The device was composed of Whatman No.

Phenotypic switching and genetic diversity of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Niger seed agar was used as a primary plating medium for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from cerebrospinal fluid specimens from AIDS patients with untreated primary cryptococcosis. The medium was used as the primary means to detect variations in the colony morphology of the yeast. To search for phenotypic and genetic variations, nine patients individually harboring two or three types of colony morphology were studied.