Inventory study on completeness of tuberculosis case notifications in Poland in 2018.

BackgroundEvaluating tuberculosis (TB) notification completeness is important for monitoring TB surveillance systems, while estimating the TB disease burden is crucial for control strategies.AimWe conducted an inventory study to assess TB reporting completeness in Poland in 2018.MethodsUsing a double-pronged inventory approach, we compared notifications of culture-positive TB cases in the National TB Register to records of diagnostic laboratories.

The contribution of roadsides to connect grassland habitat patches for butterflies in landscapes of contrasting permeability.

Roadsides, in particular those being species-rich and of conservation value, are considered to improve landscape permeability by providing corridors among habitat patches and by facilitating species' dispersal. However, little is known about the potential connectivity offered by such high-value roadsides. Using circuit theory, we modelled connectivity provided by high-value roadsides in landscapes with low or high permeability in south-central Sweden, with 'permeability' being measured by the area of semi-natural grasslands.

Impacts of roads on bird species richness: A meta-analysis considering road types, habitats and feeding guilds.

Roadsides can harbour remarkable biodiversity; thus, they are increasingly considered as habitats with potential for conservation value. To improve construction and management of roadside habitats with positive effects on biodiversity, we require a quantitative understanding of important influential factors that drive both positive and negative effects of roads. We conducted meta-analyses to assess road effects on bird communities.

How social behaviour and life-history traits change with age and in the year prior to death in female yellow-bellied marmots.

Studies in natural populations are essential to understand the evolutionary ecology of senescence and terminal allocation. While there are an increasing number of studies investigating late-life variation in different life-history traits of wild populations, little is known about these patterns in social behaviour. We used long-term individual based data on yellow-bellied marmots () to quantify how affiliative social behaviours and different life-history traits vary with age and in the last year of life, and how patterns compare between the two.

Older mothers produce more successful daughters.

Annual reproductive success and senescence patterns vary substantially among individuals in the wild. However, it is still seldom considered that senescence may not only affect an individual but also affect age-specific reproductive success in its offspring, generating transgenerational reproductive senescence. We used long-term data from wild yellow-bellied marmots () living in two different elevational environments to quantify age-specific reproductive success of daughters born to mothers differing in age.