Multilevel Intervention Stepped Wedge Designs (MLI-SWDs).

Multilevel interventions (MLIs) hold promise for reducing health inequities by intervening at multiple types of social determinants of health consistent with the socioecological model of health. In spite of their potential, methodological challenges related to study design compounded by a lack of tools for sample size calculation inhibit their development. We help address this gap by proposing the Multilevel Intervention Stepped Wedge Design (MLI-SWD), a hybrid experimental design which combines cluster-level (CL) randomization using a Stepped Wedge design (SWD) with independent individual-level (IL) randomization.

Addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion: A response of professional nursing organizations to the future of nursing: 2020-2030 recommendations.

One way in which professional nursing organizations have chosen to address the social determinants of health (SDoH) is through policy work focused on diversity, health equity and anti-racism activities. The recent report, Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity (FON 2020-2030), calls on professional nursing organizations and/or nursing coalitions to focus on addressing the SDoH to mitigate health inequities, including a focus on addressing racism and promoting practices to ensure the diversity of the nursing workforce. While these recommendations highlight issues of high importance to nursing and the broader society, they assume that professional nursing organizations or coalitions have not been sufficiently engaged in this work to date.

Philanthropic Foundations' Discourse and Nursing's Future: Part II: A Critical Discourse Analysis of RWJF Future of Nursing Initiatives.

Critical social scholarship highlights the power philanthropic foundations wield on the collective agency of groups, yet analyses specific to nursing are absent in the literature. In this second of a 2-part series, we employed critical discourse analysis to examine how control of enunciative privilege in Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) 2010 and 2020-2030 Future of Nursing (FON) initiatives challenge nursing's ability to enact its collective agency, particularly through professional nursing organizations. Findings are discussed within the context of nursing's self-regulatory privileges, history, and agentic obligations that are bestowed on the discipline by the greater public for the public good.

Philanthropic Foundations' Discourse and Nursing's Future: Part I: History and Agency.

In this article, we examine external agents' effect on nursing's professional evolution and the consequences for the discipline's collective agency, social contract, and self-regulation. Situated within Foucault's theories of power, we review how the power of organizations reaches into the fabric of everyday life and explore how philanthropic foundations have influenced a diverse array of disciplines, including nursing. Through a genealogic lens, we examine nursing history and professionalization and conclude with concerns surrounding nursing's exercise of its collective agency during one of the most significant, discipline-shaping activities of modern times-Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's Future of Nursing initiatives.

Enumeration of Public Health Nurses in the United States: Limits of Current Standards.

Recent national initiatives in nursing and public health have emphasized the need for a robust public health nursing (PHN) workforce. In this article, we analyze the extent to which recent national enumeration surveys base their counts of this workforce on the definitions, scope, and standards for practice and practice competencies of the PHN nursing specialty. By and large, enumeration surveys continue to rely on practice setting to define the PHN workforce, which is an insufficient approach for meeting the goals of major nursing and public health initiatives.