Repeated measurements of motor activity in rats in long-term toxicity studies.

Introduction: In the light of 3R (replace, reduce, refine) principles in animal experimentation and increased focus on delayed effects of treatment on central nervous system, the incorporation of behavioural tests into standard toxicology studies as a complement or substitution of a stand-alone safety pharmacology study appears very attractive, but poses some challenges. In the present study, we evaluated the results of an open field test (standard part of the behavioural test batte- ries) incorporated into the 3-month regulatory toxicology study.

Methods: The study was performed in two rat strains most commonly used in toxicology studies (Wistar and Sprague Dawley (SprD)).

Spatial discrimination and visual discrimination: two methods evaluating learning and memory in juvenile Göttingen minipigs.

Two methods investigating learning and memory in juvenile Göttingen minipigs were evaluated for potential use in preclinical toxicity testing. Twelve minipigs were tested using a spatial hole-board discrimination test including a learning phase and two memory phases. Five minipigs were tested in a visual discrimination test.

Radiotoxicity of the alpha-emitting bone-seeker 223Ra injected intravenously into mice: histology, clinical chemistry and hematology.

Background: The alpha-emitter 223Ra, which localizes in osteoblastic active zones, including on skeletal surfaces and in osteoblastic metastases, has recently been introduced as a potential therapeutic agent against skeletal metastases. Here, the adverse effects of high dosages in animals were investigated.

Materials And Methods: Balb/c mice received intravenously (i.

Increased manganese concentration in the liver after oral intake.

Rationale And Objectives: Manganese is a well-known liver-specific agent used in magnetic resonance imaging. For this purpose, manganese is now administered intravenously. In theory it should be possible to increase the gastrointestinal uptake of manganese through the use of nutritional products as promoters.

Growth, composition and eating quality of Longissimus dorsi from young bulls fed the β-agonist cimaterol at consecutive developmental stages.

The objective was to investigate the effect of the β-adrenergic agonist, cimaterol, on gain, composition and meat quality of primerib (M. longissimus dorsi) from Friesian young bulls slaughtered at different developmental stages. Twelve pairs of monozygotic twins were allocated to three liveweight (LW) groups (162, 299 and 407 kg, respectively).