Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of immature lymphoid cells due to dysregulated signaling pathways. It is the most common pediatric cancer, with high cure rates in children, but significantly lower survival rates in adults. Current theranostic strategies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, aim to improve detection and treatment precision but are limited by side effects, drug resistance, high costs, and stability issues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Natural killer (NK) cells are the most professional innate immune cells that initiate extracellular apoptosis via cytotoxic granules in malignant cells. Antitumoral properties of NK-derived exosomes (Exos) are attributed to their parent cells. Loading drugs into Exos as a carrier can enhance their effect and enable targeted delivery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe increasing incidences of morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases represent significant difficulties for clinical treatment and have a major impact on patient health. Wnt signaling pathways are highly conserved and are well known for their regulatory roles in embryonic development, tissue regeneration, and adult tissue homeostasis. Wnt signaling is classified into two distinct pathways: canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling and noncanonical pathways, including planar cell polarity and Wnt/Ca2+ pathways.
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