Paternal Aggression in Early-life Impairs the Spatial Memory and Passive Avoidance Learning in Adulthood of Male Rats: The Possible Role of .

Introduction: Negative early-life experiences (e.g. having an aggressive father) can leave long-lastingimpacts on the behavior.

Does Morphine Exposure Before Gestation Change Anxiety-Like Behavior During Morphine Dependence in Male Wistar Rats?

Background: Anxiety is one of the comorbid disorders of opioid addiction, which leads to opioid abuse or persuades people to engage in opioid abuse. Evidence revealed that morphine exposure before conception changes the offspring's phenotype. The current study aimed to investigate the influence of morphine dependence and abstinence on anxiety-like behavior in morphine-exposed and drug-naïve offspring.

The role of lateral habenula NMDA receptors in tramadol-induced conditioning.

The role of the lateral habenula (LHb) as a hub for receiving and relaying signals from the limbic system to serotonergic, dopaminergic, and norepinephrinergic regions in the brainstem makes this area a critical region in the control of reward and addiction. Behavioral evidence reveals the vital role of the LHb in negative symptoms during withdrawal. In this investigation, we study the role of the LHb N-Methyl D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in the modulation of tramadol reward.

Dose-dependent manner of luteolin in the modulation of spatial memory with respect to the hippocampal level of HSP70 and HSP90 in sleep-deprived rats.

Sleep deprivation (SD) induces a variety of deleterious effects on different cognitive functions such as memory. Elevated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and decreased synaptic plasticity and antioxidant capacity are involved in the deleterious effects of SD on memory. On the other hand, luteolin (a flavonoid compound) has antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Effect of tramadol on apoptosis and synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons: The possible role of µ-opioid receptor.

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid with centrally acting analgesic activity that alleviates moderate to severe pain and treats withdrawal symptoms of the other opioids. Like other opioid drugs, tramadol abuse has adverse effects on central nervous system components. Chronic administration of tramadol induces maladaptive plasticity in brain structures responsible for cognitive function, such as the hippocampus.