Bioactive cholinesterase inhibitions of clerodanes from the flowers of and molecular docking studies.

The first investigation of the phytochemical profile of the flowers of led to the isolation of two new clerodane diterpenes, 6-crotocaudin () and crotocaudin B (), together with two known clerodanes, 6-crotoeurin C () and isoteucvin (). The structures and absolute configurations of isolated clerodanes were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, mass spectrometry and ECD calculations. Compounds - demonstrated significant inhibitory activity towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

New norclerodane diterpenoids from bulbils of L.

Investigation of extracts from bulbils of L. yielded two new norclerodane diterpenoids, diosbulbin N acetate () and -diosbulbin B (), together with eleven known compounds. Their structures were established based on spectroscopy.

A new feruloylfriedelinol from the stems of and its α-glucosidase inhibition.

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of led to the isolation of a new triterpene, 3---feruloylfriedelinol (), together with five known compounds, friedelin (), 3-friedelinol (), lupeol (), stigmasterol (), and 4-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-4-hexenyl)benzoic acid (). Their structures were identified by intensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass spectrometry. Compound showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC = 337.

Ethanolic extract of Ya-nang () leaf powder induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines via induction of hyperacetylation and inhibition of growth signaling.

Objective: To develop alternative medicine for reducing undesired side effects of chemotherapy in CCA patients, the anticancer activity of leaf powder ethanolic (TLPE) extract against cholangiocarcinoma cell lines was investigated.

Methods: Antiproliferation was studied using the MTT assay while apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of key proteins and phenolic acid content were analyzed by western blotting and reversed-phase HPLC, respectively.